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Terapeutické monoklonální protilátky v nádorovém léčbě
Danišová, Terezie
In recent years, therapy with monoclonal antibodies has been increasingly used in clinical practice. Treatment based on these antibodies has a wide range of advantages over classical therapeutic procedures such as chemotherapy, including reduced side effects. Their greatest advantage is their specificity towards cancer cells, which does not damage surrounding healthy cells. The aim of this compilation work is to summarize and present the molecular basis of tu-mour development and the processes that monoclonal antibodies suppress, stimulate, and contribute to stopping tumour progression. This compilation work provides a basic literary over-view of carcinogenesis at the molecular level, which is necessary for understanding the princi-ples on which monoclonal antibodies function. This work later focuses on monoclonal antibodies, their mechanism of action, and production techniques.
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Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 immunotherapy in established murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma: understanding therapeutic potentials and limitations
VENHAUEROVÁ, Anna
The aim of this RNDr. Thesis is focused on understanding therapeutic potentials and limitations of the antitumor MBTA immunotherapy which is based on synergy of TLR agonists, anti-CD40, and phagocytosis stimulating ligands anchored into the tumor cell membranes. In this study, immunotherapy was tested in murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma Panc02 model. Firstly, the short-term and long-term efficacy of MBTA therapy was tested using established subcutaneous Panc02 tumors two times larger than in previous study. Secondly, the work is devoted to better understanding of the adaptive immunity involvement focusing on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes during the therapy and their effect on tumor volume reduction, long-term survival and resistance against tumor rechallenge. Subsequently, the ability of immunological memory to cross over the blood-brain barrier confirming its potential applicability in metastatic brain tumors was examined. Moreover, the antigen specificity of the immunological memory was evaluated. Finally, the potential of MBTA therapy to cure metastatic disease, represented by bilateral Panc02 mouse model, was studied. In this case, the MBTA therapy manifested a lower therapeutic response. Therefore, it was combined with diverse therapeutic approaches, such as intratumoral application of anti-CTLA-4 antibody, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes, chemoablation using EtOH, targeting the tumor microenvironment by hyaluronidase, simultaneous injections of MBTA therapy in primary and secondary distant tumors, and its combination with RT. Despite all these combinations, our results showed that only simultaneous application of MBTA therapy into both tumors has potential for the treatment of the bilateral Panc02.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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The issue of urgent diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis
MYSLIVCOVÁ, Lenka
In my bachelor thesis I dealt with urgent diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod. The practical part was carried out in the immunology laboratory in the Joint Laboratories Unit in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod, where the ChorusTrio device was purchased at the end of 2018. This device accelerated the diagnosis of samples from patients with suspected tick-borne encephalitis. Unfortunately, this device is only suitable for screening sera and is therefore mainly used to control antibodies before or after vaccination. In 2019 a new device, the ReaScan rapid test, was purchased and used for statim diagnostics. It is a simple and fast immunochromatographic test that allows us to confirm or refute the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis within 30 minutes. In the theoretical part I elaborated professional literature about tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis virus, its diagnostics and other related topics. In the practical part I dealt with methods whose principles are described in the theoretical part, in the chapter Laboratory diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod, and whose working procedures are described in the chapter Methodology. From the obtained data and from the data from the LIS (Laboratory Information System) I compiled statistics, in which I evaluated the rate of return of the results from the laboratory examination. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the existing statim diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis with special emphasis on TAT (time of return of the examination results) and to find possible ways how to improve the diagnostics.
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Anti-CD47 protilátka v nádorové terapii
LENCOVÁ, Radka
The aim of this thesis was to answer question whether it is possible to improve the effect of cancer immunotherapy. This is based on the combination of TLR agonists and the ligands stimulating phagocytosis. We used anti-CD47 antibody to block CD47 on tumor cells. The second question was whether it is practicable to reduce the number of vaccine applications.
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Evolution of host specificity in avian influenza
Divín, Daniel ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Avian influenza is a dangerous viral disease, which threats animals and people's health and nowadays evokes great concerns linked with pandemic threat. Veterinary procedures tries to limit spreading of infection by eradication of all birds nearby the outbreak place of the disease to limit as much economic damage as possible. However, there is obvious considerable variability in susceptibility, course and transmission of the disease in different species. In model species (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica a Gallus gallus f. domestica), we can see a big difference in course of the disease linked with different equipment of immunity genes. There is fragmented information about other species. The main aim is therefore to summarize knowledge about avian influenza, it's origin, evolution, diversity, spreading in environment and susceptibility of different species to this disease.
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The Frequency of HLA Antigens in the Group of Plasma Donors of the Transfusion Department, University Hospital, Hradec Králové
Nováková, Petra ; Řeháček, Vít (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Author: Petra Novakova Title: The frequency of HLA antigens in the group of plasma donor of the Transfusion Departmen, University Hospital, Hradec Králové Bachelor thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician Background: The major objective of this study is the statistical data processing in order to determine the frequency of HLA antigens in the group of plasma donors. Methods: The serological typing of HLA antigens using the lymphocytotoxic test was performed among plasma donors of the Transfusion Department of the University Hospital Hradec Kralove. On a sample group of 200 plasma donors was determined the frequency of HLA antigens by blood group and gender on the basis of a serological examination. The collected data of the observed sample of aforementioned group were processed using Microsoft Excel in relation to the gender and blood group of the donor. Results: It was discovered that within the observed sample there is the highest frequency of HLA-A antigens 2, 1 and 3; HLA-B antigens 7, 44, 35 and HLA-C antigens 7, 6, 4. The most frequented combination of HLA antigens within the observed sample of 200 plasma donors regardless blood group and gender are combinations of HLA-A 1,2 (15x) HLA-A 2,3 (15x), HLA-B 8,44 (8x), HLA-B 7,...
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Vliv stavu a funkce imunitního systému na pohlavní výběr u ptáků
Vinkler, Michal ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kleven, Oddmund (referee) ; Grim, Tomáš (referee)
Evolution is a most fascinating feature of all living things in our world. The means of organismal evolution are diverse, comprising mainly of natural and sexual selection. Both of these phenomena may contribute to evolutionary adaptations in health and disease. The questions of immunity impact on the process of sexual selection and sexual selection for increased anti-parasite resistance are wide issues of the present research in natural sciences. Their clarification requires multidisciplinarily-based investigation combining a variety of partial results into a single united paradigm. My co-workers and I have chosen several specific issues to study, in order to fill some of the important gaps of the current knowledge. We proposed the Carotenoid maintenance handicap hypothesis to point out that optimisation instead of maximisation of the carotenoid intake and ornamental display may be physiologically convenient for the individual. In Scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) we confirmed the role of the carotenoid-based ornamental colouration in the process of sexual selection and investigated several partial aspects of the association between immunogenetics, immune function, health and the ornament expression and mate choice. In Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) we have shown that the present way of...
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